Notice that p(6) = 40,000 and p(t) = 80,000 if t is about 8.3. Thus the population seems to double in approximately 2.3 years. Looking at the graph it seems that p(0) is about 7000 and p(2.3) is about 14,000. Similarly, p(3) is about 22,000 and p(5.3) is about 44,000. It doesn't matter what point you look at on the graph if you move about 2.3 units to the right, the p value doubles. This is a characteristic of exponential models.
If interest is compounded daily at a rate of 6% for a loan of 450,000 and no payments are made for 213 years the owed amount should be $450,000(1+.06/365)(365)(213) = $159,602,530,000. If interest is only compounded yearly then the government would only owe $450,000 (1.06) 213 = $110,499,880,000. Even compounding annually interest is accumulating at a rate of $110,499,880,000 x .06 = 6629992934 per year. Since there are 365x24x60x60 = 31536000 seconds a year this amounts to $210.24 per second. (I wish I could get that as a salary.....)