Development of the self:
Mead, Cooley, and Impression

George Herbert Mead
Stages of Child Development

George H. Mead developed a useful model that shows how we develop self in three distinct social stages.

imitation / preparatory stage
play stage
game stage

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Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

Piaget’s four stages of
cognitive development

Piaget believed that children are actively constructing their understanding of the world as they grow.

Sensori-Motor stage ( Birth to ~2 years )
Pre-Operational stage ( ~2 to ~7 years )
Concrete Operational stage ( ~7 to ~11 years )
Formal Operational stage ( ~11 years onward )

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I and Me – Symbolic Interactionism

I and Me:

"I" – process of thinking and acting (based on individual interstes

"Me" - reflective process - looking at oneself through the eyes of a "generalized other"

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Erving Goffman
Interaction Ritual

Line and Face-work

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The Date: Reflecting on Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self

¤ The imagination of our appearance to the other person

¤ The imagination of his judgement of that appearance

¤ Some sort of self-feeling, such as pride or mortification

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The Marshmallow Experiment – Instant Gratification

Who can wait for the 'second' marshmallow?

Will you?

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Education

While high school graduation rates

"have climbed steadily the last decade to an all-time high, a new investigation by NPR finds reasons to question the increases. Federal data show 81 percent of students finish, but the value of a high school diploma can vary widely depending on the state and the student’s path. William Brangham learns more from Anya Kamenetz, lead education blogger for NPR."

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"Among the many students

"heading off to college this fall, those from wealthier backgrounds are far more likely to graduate after four years. Hari Sreenivasan takes a look at why that occurs, and what one university is doing to combat this statistic." First of a week long series on 'Rethinking College"

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"Research on the brain

and how we think and act is influencing the way some teachers teach. Special correspondent John Tulenko of Learning Matters goes into a classroom where the instructor uses different methods to engage different parts of the students’ brains, then checks with a neuroscientist about whether that strategy actually works."

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"No Child Left Behind,

an educational reform law with a controversial legacy, expired eight years ago and has yet to be replaced. This week, the Senate took up the first bipartisan effort to replace the law. Hari Sreenivasan talks to Rick Hess of the American Enterprise Institute and former Gov. Bob Wise, president of the Alliance for Excellent Education."

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"Miles O'Brien reports

from a gathering in California on a growing movement that embraces the art of making cool things and a quirky do-it-yourself spirit. Supporters see "making" as one way to overcome a crisis in American science and math education."

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"In 2008, Paul Solman

Solman first visited Year Up, where inner city young adults are paid to participate in a six-month training program and then a paid internship. Revisiting Year Up this spring, we heard from two Year Up students – Shaquilla Boyce and Daniel Alexandre – whose soft skills (eye contact and a firm handshake, for example) make the hard skills they’re learning at Year Up all the more marketable. As Year Up founder and CEO Gerald Chertavian told us, companies 'hire for skill and fire for behavior.' "

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Socialization, Primary/Secondary, micro, meso, macro -- internalization

Kindergarteners with good social skills turn into successful adults, study finds

"In a report released today, researchers found that kindergarteners’ social skills, like cooperation, listening to others and helping classmates, provided strong predictors of how those children would fare two decades later. Judy Woodruff speaks to Damon Jones of Pennsylvania State University about the findings" (aired 7/16/2015)

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Babies resemble tiny scientists more than you might think

"A new study suggests that babies are more likely to learn when an object acts in a way that surprises them. That may help to explain why games like peekaboo hold an infant’s attention."

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I is for infant: Reading aloud to young children benefits brain development

"A new study by the American Academy of Pediatrics shows that reading daily to young children, starting in infancy, can help with language acquisition and literacy skills. But, the report says, many children are missing out. Jeffrey Brown takes a closer look at the consequences and opportunities to improve with lead author of the study, Dr. Pamela High of the American Academy of Pediatrics." (aired 6-24-2014)

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In School, Babies Teach Older Children to Consider Feelings and Needs of Others

"A recent study found that schools with high levels of teasing and bullying had dropout rates above the national average. In Seattle, a program called Roots of Empathy is using an unconventional method to stop bullying -- bringing infants into the classroom to demonstrate the importance of listening and caring for other people."

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The Depressing Data on Early Childhood Investment

Paul Solman interviewed Jerome Kagan, one of the pioneers of developmental child psychology, a few weeks ago with an economic motivation. PBS NewsHour has begun to explore a virtual reality project designed to help close America’s deeply troubling and widening economic gap — between those in the bottom rungs of the income/wealth ladder and those at the top. I explored this when I visited Sesame Street in 2011, reporting on the "marshmallow test." The idea: to help kids learn to delay gratification and learn how to save, for example. The general aim: to do better in school, do better in life.

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In America, inequality begins in the womb

The haves and the have-nots: In the U.S., the zip code of your birth — for example, 10027 (Harlem), left, or 10021 (the Upper East Side) — has a powerful influence on your future income. Editor’s note: In his last column for Making Sen$e, economist John Komlos laid out his argument for how income inequality begins at birth. In his latest piece, he broadens his explanation to include even more factors that determine a child’s future, like his mother’s zip code

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Self
Education
Socialization

Development of the self: Mead, Cooley, and Impression

George Herbert MeadStages of Child Development

Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development

I and Me – Symbolic Interactionism

Erving Goffman Interaction Ritual

The Date: Reflecting on Cooley’s Looking-Glass Self

The Marshmallow Experiment – Instant Gratification

Education

While high school graduation rates

"Among the many students

"Research on the brain

"No Child Left Behind,

"Miles O'Brien reports

"In 2008, Paul Solman

Socialization, Primary/Secondary, micro, meso, macro -- internalization

Kindergarteners with good social skills turn into successful adults, study finds

Babies resemble tiny scientists more than you might think

I is for infant: Reading aloud to young children benefits brain development

In School, Babies Teach Older Children to Consider Feelings and Needs of Others

The Depressing Data on Early Childhood Investment

In America, inequality begins in the womb

Development of the self:
Mead, Cooley, and Impression

George Herbert Mead
Stages of Child Development

Piaget’s four stages of
cognitive development

Erving Goffman
Interaction Ritual