1. Name and briefly describe the development of the pathological consequences of sliding hiatus hernia and rolling hiatus hernia.
2. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following terms: hernia, hiatus hernia, sliding hiatus hernia, rolling hiatus hernia, strangulation of G.I tract, esophagitis, refluxing.
Chapter 24 - Disorders of the Stomach and Duodenum
1. For acute superficial gastritis, give its basic cause, three specific common causes, pathogenesis, four common signs and symptoms, the usual treatment, and the usual result of the usual treatment.
2. List and briefly explain the three mechanisms involved in causing peptic ulcers.
3. For gastric (peptic) ulcer, name the mechanism which usually causes it, four specific factors which initiate its causal mechanism and its pathogenesis.
4. For duodenal (peptic) ulcer, name the three mechanisms which usually cause it, the common specific factors that initiate its causal mechanisms, and its pathogenesis.
5. Compare gastric and duodenal ulcers by describing them with respect to each of the following: approximate percentage of peptic ulcers, signs and symptoms.
6. Briefly explain the pathogenesis of a stress ulcer.
7. List, briefly describe, and explain the importance of four complications of peptic ulcers.
8. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following terms: gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric ulcer duodenal ulcer, acute ulcer, chronic ulcer, and stress ulcer.
Chapter 25 - Disorders of the Small Intestine
1. For appendicitis, name and explain two causes, describe its pathogenesis, list four signs and symptoms, explain the significance of rupturing, and list three complications.
2. For peritonitis, name and explain three causes and three complications.
3. For intestinal obstruction, briefly describe the two causative mechanisms (mechanical and paralytic), describe and explain how death can result, and list four signs and symptoms.
4. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following terms: appendicitis, peritonitis, paralytic obstruction, adhesion, volvulus, intussusception, and strangulated hernia.
Chapter 26 - Disorders of the Large Intestine
1. For ulcerative colitis, give one probable cause, its pathogenesis including structural and chronological features, four pathological results, and three common signs and symptoms.
2. Name carcinoma of the colon as the most common type of gastrointestinal neoplasm.
3. For diverticulitis, list two causes, explain and briefly describe its pathogenesis from a normal colon, list three signs and symptoms, and list three pathological consequences.
4. For hemorrhoids, list three causes, explain and briefly describe their pathogenesis, and list three signs and symptoms.
5. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following terms: ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, toxic megacolon, internal hemorrhoid, external hemorrhoid.
Chapter 27 - Disorders of the Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas
1. List and briefly describe nine functions of the liver and briefly explain the importance of each.
2. List, briefly describe, and explain the mechanism of action of the five main causes of liver cirrhosis.
3. Name alcohol consumption as the most common cause of cirrhosis.
4. Describe the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis.
5. List eleven pathological results of liver cirrhosis and explain how each results from liver cirrhosis. These include jaundice, edema, ascites, gastrointestinal varices, hemorrhoids, splenomegaly, bleeding tendencies, spider nevi, bruising tendencies, low hematocrit, hepatic coma.
6. Briefly explain the pathological significance of jaundice, edema, G.I. varices, low hematocrit, and hepatic coma from liver cirrhosis.
7. For cholelithiasis, give three causes, two common signs and symptoms, and two complications.
8. Name three causes of pancreatitis.
9. Describe the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.
10. List and describe the development of seven pathological consequences of pancreatitis. These include diabetes mellitus, malabsorption, tetany, infection, peritonitis, death from shock, and abdominal organ digestion.
11. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following terms: cirrhosis, Laennec's cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis.
Reproductive System Lecture Objectives
Chapters 66 and 15 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
1. List six reasons for the widespread occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases.
2. Give the cause, pathogenesis including the stages or phases, signs and symptoms, infectiveness of individuals at various stages, and pathologic effects of syphilis including adults and newborns.
3. Give the cause, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, and pathologic effects of gonorrhea including adults and newborns.
4. Give the cause, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, and pathologic effects of Chlamydia.
5. Give the cause, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, pathologic effects of Herpes Simplex Virus II, including adults and newborns.
6. Give the cause, pathogenesis, some signs and symptoms, and pathologic effects of papilloma.
7. Give the cause, pathogenesis, some signs and symptoms, and pathologic effects of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
8. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following: chancre, gumma, PID.
Reproductive System Pathologies Other than STD's
1. Give the cause, three signs and symptoms, and the pathogenesis and final results of prostatic hypertrophy. (p. 998)
2. Give two causes involved in toxemia of pregnancy.
3. List four pathologic effects of toxemia of pregnancy and briefly describe and explain the development of each.
4. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and pathologic effects of endometriosis.
5. Briefly describe the pathogenesis and pathologic effects of placenta previa.
6. Define, "give," and "match" each of the following: preeclampsia, eclampsia.
© Copyright 2000 - Augustine G. DiGiovanna - All rights reserved. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United states Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this page may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Augustine G. DiGiovanna.