COSC
116
REVIEW SHEET FOR TEST 2
1.
Class- specification and
properties that acts as a ‘mold’ for the creation of a 3D object.
Object—instance of a class. The
creation from a class
Method—a group of instructions
that performs some action
World method—a method that works
on more than one object
Class method—a method that works
on only one object (or objects from the
same class)
Properties—characteristics of an
object
Functions—instructions that return
one value
Invoking a method or calling a method—calling
a method for it to be run
Parameter—means by which
communication is made to a method.
Formal Parameter – parameter
defined in the method
Actual Parameter—parameter
given in the call to a method.
Abstraction—the
idea that we do not worry about the mechanics of how a method works.
2.
History
ENIAC computer – first large scale
computer developed by Mauchly and Eckert
John V. Atanasoff—first
computer ABC—others used his ideas
Grace Hopper—helped on first
computer symbolic language—helped develop COBOL,
MARK I
Charles Babbage—Father of
computers
Lady Lovelace—Worked with Babbage
and is known as first programmer
UNIVAC—first commercial
computer—used in Census and predicted the 1952 presidential election
John von Neuman—developed
the stored program concept
3. Computer
languages
low level---
machine and Assembly language---
must understand the hardware of the computer
high level—geared
for human
understanding
Machine code—1’s and 0’s is an
example of low level
Assembly language—a symbolic low
level language
Object Oriented language—use of
objects to simulate real and imaginary scenarios. (
C++ used today in industry
VISUAL BASIC—designed by
Microsoft for graphical interface applications
Java—A
hot new language used on the World Wide Web
4. Data
types
integer—holds
only numbers with no fractional component
7
float—holds
floating point numbers ex. 7.8
real—same
as float
char—holds
one character must be
enclosed with single quotes
‘a’ or
‘3’
Know
how they work
Example: an integer will truncate
any fractional component before it stores
the number.
If
a computer adds a floating point and an integer the answer will be the
correct
floating point value
5. Operation
Systems Utilities
and Viruses
UNIX—popular OS that runs on a
variety of systems from microcomputers to supercomputers.
WINDOWS-popular OS for personal
computers that are “IBM compatible”
DOS—an old command line drive OS
LINUX- a
popular UNIX like OS
UTILITY programs –
programs that perform some specific computer “housekeeping” duties
WINZIP--- a file compression
program
Firewall—protects from
unauthorized intrusions
Trojan
Horse—a program
that hides
within or looks like a legitimate program but in fact is written to
cause
disruption.
WORM- a
program that copies itself in
memory over a network
Booting a computer—getting the OS
into memory
6. Translators
compiler—translates
entire program into machine code one time
interpreter-
translates every time the program is run one instruction at a time
object
code—machine code
source
code—high level language code
Control structures – statements
that control the execution order of instruction
If/else( conditional)
do together do in order loop(repeats instructions)
7. Definitions
Variable—memory location that can
change value
Constant- memory location that can not
change value
Expression- any combination of
variables, constants, numbers that reduce to one data value
Algorithm-
step by step process to solve a
problem. Ex. Recipe, tree structure, storyboard
Tree structure—a tool to develop
an algorithm—YOU MUST KNOW HOW TO DO ONE
Nodes
of a tree—blocks containing statements
Parent
nodes- non
fundamental instructions in a tree that are further refined
Children
nodes that are NOT parents—fundamental instructions in the tree that
are
part of the algorithm
Story boarding-
An algorithm used in creating
movies or games.
Top-down-design—a process that breakds down a comples
task into
smaller more manageable pieces
Step-wise-refinement- see top-down-design
8. Fundamental
instructions – You must know all five
Read
Write
Assign
Loop Conditional (selection)
Know about
the assignment statement: Example: int
count;
count=4.5; NOTE:
count will be 4 since it is an integer
(It truncates the fractional component.)
9. You
should know the analogy of the Dr. Killemquick
example to the various types of instructions
and computer hardware. See your
notes.
10. You
must be familiar with how instructions work. Loops,
conditional, read, write
assign. I will give you some code
and you must determine the outcome.
11. You
must be able to evaluate expressions using computer integer, floating
point
etc.
know what mod operation is in integer
arithmetic. 7%2=1