REVIEW FOR FINAL

FINAL REVIEW SHEET

KNOW THE FOLLOWING TERMS & CONCEPTS  You need to look up their definitions or concepts
I. Networks
 A. Network topologies
   Star--centralized host computer or hub.  A central connection point for all workstations and peripherals
   Ring--nodes attached in a circle without a cental host computer.
   Bus--connection made along a central cable.
   Tree--a blend of star and bus networks.  Mutliple star networks are connected into a bus configuration
<>   Mesh--connects each network devie to many other network devices.
B. Network mediums
   Optical fiber or fiber optics
   Coaxial cable--a large number of copper wires surrounded by a metallic shield
   Microwave--line-of-sight distances
   Satellite
    Geosynchronous satellites (early ones were not)--satellites orbirt 22,300 miles above the earth so that they are in sync with earth's rotation
    GPS  Global Position System
   BlueTooth--short range radio waves to transmit data between two devices close to each other
   WI-FI--wireless fidelity--a set of wireless network technolgoies compatible with Ethernet
 C. Broadband--a medium that allows many signals
 D. Home networks
  DSL--Digital subscirber line--A high speed, digital, always on internet access technology over standard phone lines
  Cable--Fast internet line through the cable company
  Ethernet--a standard nework communication protocol that allows computers to contend for access to the network
   Web-- a worldwide collection of electronic documents on the internet
    FTP--File transfer protocol 
Protocols sets of rules for efficently transmittig data
Handshaking--means by which two devices negotiate their protocols
 E. Client/server --one (or more) computer(s) that act as server and the others (clients) access the server         vs. 
        Peer-to-peer--a small network where each computer has equal responsibilities and capabilities
 F. Network links
   router- acommunication device that connects multipe computers or other router together and transmits data to its correct destination
   hubs--provide a central point for cables in a network.  May include router. 
   modems (modulator de-modulator)  analog to digital & digital to analog
   Nodes-  A node is a connection on a network
 G. NIC card  (Network Interface Card)
 H. WEB    collection of electronic documents on the internet
 I. FTP  file transfer protocol   (used to upload and download files)
 J. Asynchronous transmission--sends 1 packet at a time with a start bit and stop bit
 K. Synchronous transmission--allows characters to be sent without start and stop bits.  They are timed signals
 L. Full Duplex--signals can be set and received at the same time
 M. Simplex--signals travel in only one direction
 N. Half Duplex--signals can be sent or received but not at the same time.
 O. Packets and Packet switching  (messages are divided into packets)
 P. Communication protocols  set of rules for transmitting data  TCP/IP  Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
 Q handshaking  two devices negotiating their protocols
R.   Ping     is launched from a DOS command and pings the site 4 times
S.   Tracroute is different from Ping because is shows all the nodes between sender and receiver
II. TERMS
 Virtual reality--simulation of real world situations
 Ergonomics--the study of the relationship between machines and people.  To make the interface between the two more comfortable. 
 Artificial Intelligence
  Expert Systems--a computer program that uses a datbase of knoweldge to draw a conclusion
  Natural Language--the ability of the computer to understand human speech. 
  Neural Networks--thousands of computer processing units connected in multiple ways to mimic human brain
 
 Booting--the process of loading the operating system into primary storage
 Hacker--a computer hobbyist who experiments with computer programs to test their limits
 Cracker--a person that intends to get illegal access to a system .
 Firewalls—software to protect against hackers and crackers
 IP address--series of numbers written into four sections with periods separating them
 Domain name-- an internet address that uses all lower case letters (must be converted to IP address))
 Fuzzy logic  non-digital apporach in which decisions are not polarized but evaluated by degree
 Virtual reality--a computer technology that uses multiple sensor for input and output to simulate real world situations
Record matching--computer data banks combined to generate one hugh data bank

 
III. Programming and Alice
abstraction--the ability not to worry about the mechancis of methods already created
 Method--a group of instructions that performs some action
Function-returns one value
 Object (instance of a class)
 Class-specification and properties that acts as a "mold" for the creation of an object
 Control Structures--statements that control the execution order of instructions
 Loops  (while loop       for loop)
 Object Oriented Language  (Alice)
 Interactive programming--has user input into the program
 Event--a respnse triggered by the users input
 Event handling routine  (event driven method)--responds to an event
 Parameters-means by which comminication is made to a method  can be formal or actual
Actual parameter-parameter given in the call to a method
Formal parameter--parameter defined in the method
 World level method-a ,method that works on more than one object
 Class level method--a method that works on only one object (or objects from the same class)
 Storyboard  (algorithm used for games and movies)
Properties--describe a characterstic of an object
IV. History
 Grace Hopper—worked on COBOL  MARK I and Assembly lang.
Charles Baggage (Father of computers)
John V. Atanasoff--first computer ABC  others used his ideas
 Mauchly and Eckert--ENIAC first large scale computer
 Lady Lovelace--first programmer
 Alan Turing--Developed a test for "thinking" computers
 MARK I
 UNIVAC--first commerical computer   used in Census and predicted the 1952 presidential election
 ENIAC
 ABC
V. Operating System and Programming Languages
 UNIX-- A popular OS that runs on a variety of systems from microcomputers to supercomputers
 Windows--popular OS for personal computers that are "IBM compatible
 DOS-  Old command line operating system  (Disk Operating System)
 Java--A hot new language used on the World Wide Web
 Machine Language (low level, needs knowledge of hardware, uses 1’s and 0’s)
 Assembly Language (symbolic low level)
Lisp--the language used often in A.I.
 Compiler--translates entire program into machine code one time
 Interpreter--translated every time the program is ron one instruction at a time
 Variable--memory location that can change value
 Constant--memory location that can not change value
Ray Tracing--deals with light refleting back from objects in computer generated movies. 
 Data types   Character ‘3’    real   7.8    integer  7
(be able to work with expressions and determine their value     be careful with integer and know the mod % operation)
WinZip--a file compression program
VI. Know the terms of your homework tracking Packets (and how they work)
 Ping  how it works and how it is launched (Through DOS command)
 Traceroute
 www.internettrafficreport.com


Student presentation questions.   Answers can be found by reviewing the Power Points in the K:\Henson\COSC\COSC116LAB\DeFino\Student Presentations\


IN addition to this review sheet.  Study the review sheet for Test 2.