Shipper, F. & Davy, J. (2002). Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 13, Is. 2; pg. 95.
A model of effective management is
developed based on criticism of prior two-factor models. We identify six
specific skills and explore their theoretical contributions. Both self and
others' evaluations of the skills are incorporated. The model is tested using
both employees' attitudes and performance as measures of managerial
effectiveness. Results of the analysis indicate that others' evaluations of
skills are better indicators of employees' attitudes than self-evaluations. In
addition, the results support that a complex set of relationships exists among
self and others' evaluations, employee attitudes, and managerial performance.
Explanations for these complex relationships are discussed.