Shipper, F., (1995). Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(3), 133-143.
Abstract
This interactive exercise has participants validate for themselves the need for the appropriate use of control. Participants explore the effectiveness of four managerial archetypes for themselves. One uses neither interactive nor controlling skills; one uses only interactive; one uses only controlling; and the other one uses both sets of skills. This exercise has been validated in both traditional and non-traditional organizations and for both men and women. For comparison, a chart is provided contrasting the commitment, tension and performance of the work units for the four types of managers. Also, the exercise introduces participants to the concept and validity of 360 degree feedback.